Iyadoo aan loo eegin waxqabadka, qiimaha ama tixgelinta badbaadada, baytariyada dib-u-cusbooneysii ee gobolka-adag ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican ee lagu bedeli karo tamarta fosil oo ugu dambeyntii lagu garto wadada baabuurta tamarta cusub.
Maadaama uu yahay abuuraha agabka cathode sida LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 iyo LiFePO4, Goodenough wuxuu caan ku yahay goobtabaytariyada lithium-ionoo runtii waa "aabaha baytariyada lithium-ion".
Maqaal dhowaan lagu daabacay wargeyska NatureElectronics, John B. Goodenough, oo 96 jir ah, ayaa dib u eegis ku sameeyay taariikhda ikhtiraacida baytariyada lithium-ion ee dib loo dallaci karo, wuxuuna muujinayaa dariiqa loo socdo.
Sanadihii 1970-aadkii, waxaa dalka Mareykanka ka dilaacay dhibaato dhanka shidaalka ah. Dawladdu markii ay xaqiiqsatay in ay si xad dhaaf ah ugu tiirsan tahay Shidaalka la soo dejiyo, waxa ay bilowday dedaallo badan oo lagu horumarinayo tamarta cadceedda iyo dabaysha. Sababo la xiriira dabeecadda kala go'a ee tamarta qorraxda iyo dabaysha.baytariyada dib loo buuxin karoayaa ugu dambayntii loo baahday in lagu kaydiyo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo oo nadiif ah.
Furaha dallacaadda iyo dallacaadda dib loo celin karo waa dib-u-celinta fal-celinta kiimikada!
Waqtigaas, inta badan baytariyada aan dib loo dallaci karin waxay isticmaaleen lithium-negative electrodes iyo electrolytes organic. Si loo gaadho baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo, qof kastaa waxa uu bilaabay in uu ka shaqeeyo isku dhafka la bedeli karo ee lithium ions oo loo gelinayo lakabka kala guurka ah ee sulfide cathodes. Stanley Whittingham oo ka tirsan ExxonMobil waxa uu ogaaday in dallacaadda dib loo celin karo iyo ku shubista lagu gaadhi karo kimistariga isdhexgalka iyada oo la isticmaalayo lakabka TiS2 oo ah maaddada cathode ah, iyada oo sheyga siidaaya uu yahay LiTiS2.
Unuggaan, oo ay samaysay Whittingham 1976, waxa uu gaadhay hawlkarnimo bilow ah oo wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr jeer oo lagu soo celceliyay dallacaadda iyo soo daynta ka dib, lithium dendrites ayaa ka dhex samaysmay unugga gudihiisa, kaas oo ka koray taban ilaa electrode-ka togan, taasoo abuuraysa wareeg gaaban oo shidi karta electrolyte-ka. Isku daygan, haddana, wuxuu ku dhammaaday guuldarro!
Dhanka kale, Goodenough, oo u soo guuray Oxford, ayaa baarayay inta lithium-ka laga saari karo inta ugu badan ee LiCoO2 iyo LiNiO2 katoode ee lakabka ah ka hor inta aan qaabdhismeedku isbeddelin. Dhammaadkii, waxay ku guulaysteen in ka badan kala badh lithium-ka laga saaro walxaha cathode-ka.
Cilmi-baaristan ayaa ugu dambeyntii hagtay Akira Yoshino oo ka tirsan AsahiKasei inuu diyaariyo kan ugu horreeyabaytari lithium-ion dib lagu shuban karo: LiCoO2 sida electrode togan iyo kaarboon graphitic sida electrode taban. Batarigan waxa si guul leh loogu isticmaalay talefannadii gacanta ee ugu horreeyay ee Sony.
Si loo dhimo qiimaha loona hagaajiyo badbaadada. Bateriga dib loo dallaci karo oo dhan oo adag sida korantada ayaa u muuqata inay tahay jiho muhiim u ah horumarka mustaqbalka.
Horraantii 1960-kii, farmashiyeyaasha Yurub waxay ka shaqeeyeen isku dhafka lithium ions ee dib-u-noqoshada walxaha sulfide birta ee lakabka ah. Waqtigaas, electrolytes-ka caadiga ah ee baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo waxay u badnaayeen aashitada iyo alkaline aqueous electrolytes sida H2SO4 ama KOH. Sababtoo ah, kuwan electrolytes aqueous, H+ waxay leedahay faafin wanaagsan.
Waqtigaas, baytariyada dib-u-dajin kara ee ugu xasilloon ayaa lagu sameeyay NiOOH lakabyo ah oo ah maadada cathode iyo elektrolytka aqueous alkaline xoog leh oo ah electrolyte. h+ waxa dib loogu dhejin karaa lakabka NiOOH cathode si loo sameeyo Ni(OH)2. dhibaatadu waxa ay ahayd in korantada aqueous ay xaddido tamarta batteriga, taasoo keentay cufnaanta tamarta hoose.
Sannadkii 1967-kii, Joseph Kummer iyo NeillWeber oo ka tirsan Shirkadda Ford Motor waxay ogaadeen in Na+ uu leeyahay sifooyin fidineed oo wanaagsan oo ku jira korantada dhoobada ah ee ka sarreeya 300 ° C. Ka dib waxay ikhtiraaceen baytari Na-S dib lagu soo celin karo: soodhiyam dhalaalaysa oo ah electrode taban iyo baaruud dhalaalay oo ay ku jiraan xargaha kaarboonka oo ah electrode togan. Natiijo ahaan, waxay ikhtiraaceen baytari Na-S dib-u-jallaali kara: soodhiyam dhalaalaysa oo ah electrode-ka taban, baaruud dhalaalaysa oo ka kooban qayb kaarboon ah oo ah electrode-ka togan, iyo dhoobo adag oo ah electrolyte-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerkulka shaqaynta ee 300°C ayaa baabi'iyay baytarigan inuu yahay mid aan suurtagal ahayn in ganacsi laga sameeyo.
Sannadkii 1986kii, Goodenough waxa uu xaqiiqsaday baytari lithium-ka ah oo dhammaan-adag ah iyada oo aan lahayn jiil dendrite isticmaalaya NASICON. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, baytariyada lithium-ada-adag ee dib-u-jallaabi kara ee dhammaan-adag ah iyo baytariyada soodiyamka ee ku salaysan korantada-state-ada adag sida NASICON waa la ganacsiyeeyay.
Sannadkii 2015, MariaHelena Braga oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Porto waxay sidoo kale muujisay korantada adag ee oksaydh-ku-daboolan oo leh lithium iyo ion sodium ion conductivity oo u dhigma electrolytes-ka organic ee hadda lagu isticmaalo baytariyada lithium-ion.
Marka la soo koobo, iyada oo aan loo eegin waxqabadka, qiimaha ama tixgelinta badbaadada, baytariyada dib-u-cusbooneysiinta ee gobolka-adag ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican ee lagu beddeli karo tamarta fosil oo aakhirka la xaqiijiyo waddada baabuurta tamarta cusub!
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-25-2022